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EN1 (gene)

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Engrailed homeobox 1
Identifiers
Symbols	EN1;
External IDs	OMIM: 131290 MGI: 95389 HomoloGene: 50663 GeneCards: EN1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • transcription factor activity • voltage-gated potassium channel activity • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • nucleus • voltage-gated potassium channel complex Biological process • skeletal development • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • potassium ion transport • multicellular organismal development • anatomical structure morphogenesis • embryonic limb morphogenesis • midbrain development • hindbrain development • midbrain-hindbrain boundary development • neuron development
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2019	13798
Ensembl	ENSG00000163064	ENSMUSG00000058665
UniProt	Q05925	Q3USA2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001426	XM_974086
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001417	XP_979180
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 119.32 - 119.32 Mb	Chr 1: 122.43 - 122.44 Mb
PubMed search

Homeobox protein engrailed-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EN1 gene.

Homeobox-containing genes are thought to have a role in controlling development. In Drosophila, the ‘engrailed’ (en) gene plays an important role during development in segmentation, where it is required for the formation of posterior compartments. Different mutations in the mouse homologs, En1 and En2, produced different developmental defects that frequently are lethal. The human engrailed homologs 1 and 2 encode homeodomain-containing proteins and have been implicated in the control of pattern formation during development of the central nervous system.

References

1. ^ Kohler A, Logan C, Joyner AL, Muenke M (Mar 1993). “Regional assignment of the human homeobox-containing gene EN1 to chromosome 2q13-q21″. Genomics 15 (1): 233-5. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1045. PMID 8094370. 
2. ^ ^{a b} “Entrez Gene: EN1 engrailed homeobox 1″. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2019. 

Further reading

• Logan C, Hanks MC, Noble-Topham S, et al. (1993). “Cloning and sequence comparison of the mouse, human, and chicken engrailed genes reveal potential functional domains and regulatory regions.”. Dev. Genet. 13 (5): 345–58. doi:10.1002/dvg.1020130505. PMID 1363401. 
• Logan C, Willard HF, Rommens JM, Joyner AL (1989). “Chromosomal localization of the human homeo box-containing genes, EN1 and EN2.”. Genomics 4 (2): 206–9. PMID 2567700. 
• Kozmik Z, Sure U, Rüedi D, et al. (1995). “Deregulated expression of PAX5 in medulloblastoma.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (12): 5709–13. PMID 7777574. 
• Loomis CA, Harris E, Michaud J, et al. (1996). “The mouse Engrailed-1 gene and ventral limb patterning.”. Nature 382 (6589): 360–3. doi:10.1038/382360a0. PMID 8684466. 
• Joliot A, Trembleau A, Raposo G, et al. (1997). “Association of Engrailed homeoproteins with vesicles presenting caveolae-like properties.”. Development 124 (10): 1865–75. PMID 9169834. 
• Mikkola I, Bruun JA, Holm T, Johansen T (2001). “Superactivation of Pax6-mediated transactivation from paired domain-binding sites by dna-independent recruitment of different homeodomain proteins.”. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (6): 4109–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008882200. PMID 11069920. 
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). “DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.”. Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. PMID 11076863. 
• Schaefer LK, Wang S, Schaefer TS (2001). “Functional interaction of Jun and homeodomain proteins.”. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (46): 43074–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102552200. PMID 11551904. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). “Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
• Hori Y, Gu X, Xie X, Kim SK (2006). “Differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human neural progenitor cells.”. PLoS Med. 2 (4): e103. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020103. PMID 15839736. 
• Bachar-Dahan L, Goltzmann J, Yaniv A, Gazit A (2006). “Engrailed-1 negatively regulates beta-catenin transcriptional activity by destabilizing beta-catenin via a glycogen synthase kinase-3beta-independent pathway.”. Mol. Biol. Cell 17 (6): 2572–80. doi:10.1091/mbc.E06-01-0052. PMID 16571670. 
• Atit R, Sgaier SK, Mohamed OA, et al. (2006). “Beta-catenin activation is necessary and sufficient to specify the dorsal dermal fate in the mouse.”. Dev. Biol. 296 (1): 164–76. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.449. PMID 16730693. 

External links

• MeSH EN1+protein,+human

This article on a gene on chromosome 2 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

v • d • e Transcription factors and intracellular receptors collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup” style=”width:100%;;;;”>   (1) Basic domains (1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) · AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) · BACH (1, 2) · BATF · BLZF1 · C/EBP (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?) · CREB (1, 3, L1) · CREM · DBP · DDIT3 · GABPA · HLF · MAF (B, F, G, K) · NFE (2, L1, L2) · NFIL3 · NRL · NRF1 · XBP1 (1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) ATOH1 · AhR · AHRR · ARNT · ASCL1 · BHLHB2 · BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) · CLOCK · EPAS1 · HAND (1, 2) · HES (5, 6) · HEY (1, 2, L) · HES1 · HIF (1A, 3A) · ID (1, 2, 3, 4) · LYL1 · MXD4 · MYCL1 · MYCN · Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) · Neurogenins (1, 2, 3) · NeuroD (1, 2) · NPAS (1, 2, 3) · OLIG (1, 2) · Pho4 · Scleraxis · TAL (1, 2) · Twist · USF1 (1.3) bHLH-ZIP AP-4 · MAX · MITF · MNT · MLX · MXI1 · Myc · SREBP (1, 2) (1.4) NF-1 NFI (A, B, C, X) · SMAD (R-SMAD (1, 2, 3, 5, 9) - I-SMAD (6, 7) - 4) (1.5) RF-X RFX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ANK) (1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH) AP-2 (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)   (2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains (2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4) subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (?, ?), CAR, FXR, LXR (?, ?), PPAR (?, ?/?, ?), PXR, RAR (?, ?, ?), ROR (?, ?, ?), Rev-ErbA (?, ?), VDR) subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (?, ?), PNR, RXR (?, ?, ?), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Androgen, Estrogen (?, ?), Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone), Estrogen related (?, ?, ?)) subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) · subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) · subfamily 6 (GCNF) · subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP) (2.2) Other Cys4 GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) · MTA (1, 2, 3) · TRPS1 (2.3) Cys2His2 General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF (1, 2), TFIIH (1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2)) ATBF1 · BCL (6, 11A, 11B) · CTCF · E4F1 · EGR (2, 3) · ERV3 · GFI1 · GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, REST, S2, YY1) · HIC (1, 2) · HIVEP (1, 2, 3) · IKZF (1, 2, 3) · ILF (2, 3) · KLF (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17) · MTF1 · MYT1 · OSR1 · SP (1, 2, 4, 7) · Zbtb7 (7A, 7B) · ZBTB (16, 17, 20, 32, 33, 40) · zinc finger (3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 423, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655) (2.4) Cys6 HIVEP1 (2.5) Alternating composition AIRE · DIDO1 · GRLF1 · ING (1, 2, 4) · JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) · JMJD1B   (3) Helix-turn-helix domains (3.1) Homeodomain ARX · CDX (1, 2) · CRX · CUTL1 · DLX (3, 4, 5) · EMX2 · EN (1, 2) · FHL (1, 2, 3) · HESX1 · HHEX · HLX · Homeobox (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) · HOPX · LMX (1A, 1B) · MEIS (1, 2) · MEOX2 · MNX1 · MSX (1, 2) · NANOG · NKX (2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-5, 3-1, 3-2) · PBX (1, 2, 3) · PHF (1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21A) · PITX (1, 2, 3) · POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: A, B, C, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7, 11) · OTX (1, 2) · PDX1 · ZEB (1, 2) (3.2) Paired box PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) (3.3) Fork head / winged helix E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · FOX proteins (C1, C2, D3, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3) (3.4) Heat Shock Factors HSF (1, 2, 4) (3.5) Tryptophan clusters ELF (2, 4, 5) · EGF · ELK (1, 3, 4) · ERF · ERG · ETS (1, 2, SPIB) · ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) · FLI1 · Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,  · MYB · MYBL2 (3.6) TEA domain transcriptional enhancer factor (1, 2, 3, 4)   (4) ?-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts (4.1) Rel homology region NF-?B (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) · NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5) (4.2) STAT STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (4.3) p53 p53 · TBX (1, 2, 3, 5, 19, 21, 22, TBR1) (4.4) MADS box Mef2 (A, B, C, D) · SRF (4.6) TATA binding proteins TBP · TBPL1 (4.7) High mobility group HMGB (1, 2, 3) · HNF (1A, 1B) · LEF1 · SOX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21) · SRY · SSRP1 · TCF (3, 4) · TOX (1, 2, 3, 4) (4.10) Cold-shock domain CSDA, YBX1 (4.11) Runt CBF (CBFA2T2, CBFA2T3, RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3, RUNX1T1)   (0) Other transcription factors (0.2) HMGI(Y) HMGA (1, 2) · HBP1 (0.3) Pocket domain Rb · RBL1 · RBL2 (0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors Apetala 2 · EREBP · B3 (0.6) Miscellaneous ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) · CAP · IFI (16, 35) · MLL (2, 3, T1) · MNDA · NFY (A, B, C) · Rho/Sigma

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EN1_(gene)”
Categories: Human proteins | Chromosome 2 gene stubs | Transcription factorsHidden categories: Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine

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John Richard Hyde

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John Richard Hyde
15 November 1912 – 15 July 2003)
Place of birth	Montreal, Quebec,
Allegiance	Canada
Service/branch	Royal Canadian Artillery
Rank	Brigadier-General
Other work	provincial politician and judge

John Richard Hyde (15 November 1912 – 15 July 2003) was a Canadian soldier, provincial politician and judge.

Education

Born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of George Gordon Hyde, a Quebec MNA and member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and Lilian Boronow, he studied at the Royal Military College of Canada from 1930 to 1934. He studied law at Cambridge University from 1934 to 1935 and the Université de Montréal from 1935 to 1938. He was called to the Quebec Bar in 1938.

Career

He practiced law with his father at law firm of Hyde and Ahern (now called Ahern, Lalonde, Nuss & Drymer). During World War II, he served with the Royal Canadian Artillery in France and Belgium. After the war, he resumed his law practice and remained in the reserves eventually reaching the rank of Brigadier-General.

He was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec representing the riding of Westmount-Saint-Georges in a 1955 by-election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1956, 1960, 1962, and 1966. He was Speaker of the National Assembly from January 9, 1962 to October 14, 1965. From 1965 to 1966, he was the Minister of Revenue in the cabinet of Jean Lesage. In 1971 he was made a judge of the Provincial Court. He retired in 1982.

He died in Kanata, Ontario in 2003.

References

• John Richard HYDE at Assemblée nationale du Québec (French)
• James McCready (August 19, 2003). “Dick Hyde: Quebec politician witnessed the winds of change”. The Globe and Mail: p. R7. 
• H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston “Canada’s RMC - A History of Royal Military College” Second Edition 1982
• H16511 Dr. Richard Preston “RMC and Kingston: The effect of imperial and military influences on a Canadian community” 1968
• H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) “As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember”. In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876-1918. Volume II: 1919-1984. Royal Military College of Canada . The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984

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National Assembly of Quebec
Preceded by George Carlyle Marler (Liberal)	MLA, District of Westmount-Saint-Georges 1954-1970	Succeeded by Thomas Kevin Drummond (Liberal)

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Categories: 1912 births | 2003 deaths | Canadian military personnel of World War II | Judges in Quebec | Lawyers in Quebec | People from Montreal | Quebec Liberal Party MNAs | Université de Montréal alumni | Presidents of the Quebec National Assembly | Anglophone Quebecers

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Scintillation (physics)

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Scintillation is a flash of light produced in a transparent material by an ionization event. See scintillator and scintillation counter for practical applications.

Contents 1 Overview 2 Scintillation of Organic Scintillators 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Overview

The process of scintillation is one of luminescence whereby light of a characteristic spectrum is emitted following the absorption of radiation. The emitted radiation is usually less energetic than that absorbed. Scintillation is an inherent molecular property in conjugated and aromatic organic molecules and arises from the electronic structure of said molecules. Scintillation also occurs in many inorganic materials, including salts, gases, and liquids.

Scintillation of Organic Scintillators

?-electronic energy levels of an organic molecule. S₀ is the ground state. S₁, S₂, S₃ are excited singlet states. T₁, T₂, T₃ are excited triplet states. S₀₀, S₀₁, S₁₀, S₁₁ etc. are vibrational sublevels.

In organic molecules scintillation is a product of ?-orbitals. Organic materials form molecular crystals where the molecules are loosely bound by Van der Waals forces. The ground state of ¹²C is 1s² 2s² 2p². When carbon forms compounds, one of the 2s electrons is excited into the 2p state resulting in a configuration of 1s² 2s¹ 2p³. To describe the different valencies of carbon, the four valence electron orbitals, one 2s and three 2p, are considered to be mixed or hybridized in several alternative configurations. For example, in a tetrahedral configuration the s and p³ orbitals combine to produce four hybrid orbitals. In another configuration, known as trigonal configuration, one of the p-orbitals (say p_z) remains unchanged and three hybrid orbitals are produced by mixing the s, p_x and p_y orbitals. The orbitals that are symmetrical about the bonding axes and plane of the molecule (sp²) are known as ?-electrons and the bonds are called ?-bonds. The p_z orbital is called a ?-orbital. A ?-bond occurs when two ?-orbitals interact. This occurs when their nodal planes are coplanar.

In certain organic molecules ?-orbitals interact to produce a common nodal plane. These form delocalized ?-electrons that can be excited by radiation. The de-excitation of the delocalized ?-electrons results in luminescence.

The excited states of ?-electron systems can be explained by the perimeter free-electron model (Platt 1949). This model is used for describing polycyclic hydrocarbons consisting of condensed systems of benzenoid rings in which no C atom belongs to more than two rings and every C atom is on the periphery.

The ring can be approximated as a circle with circumference l. The wave-function of the electron orbital must satisfy the condition of a plane rotator:

The corresponding solutions to the Schrödinger wave equation are:

,

where q is the orbital ring quantum number; the number of nodes of the wave-function. Since the electron can have spin up and spin down and can rotate about the circle in both directions all of the energy levels except the lowest are doubly degenerate.

The above shows the ?-electronic energy levels of an organic molecule. Absorption of radiation is followed by molecular vibration to the S₁₀ state. This is followed by a de-excitation to the S₀ state called fluorescence. The population of triplet states is also possible by other means. The triplet states decay with a much longer decay time than singlet states, which results in what is called the slow component of the decay process (the fluorescence process is called the fast component). Depending on the particular energy loss of a certain particle (dE/dx), the “fast” and “slow” states are occupied in different proportions. The relative intensities in the light output of these states thus differs for different dE/dx. This property of scintillators allows for pulse shape discrimination: it is possible to identify which particle was detected by looking at the pulse shape. Of course, the difference in shape is visible in the trailing side of the pulse, since it’s due to the decay of the excited states.

See also

Positron emission tomography

References

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2008)

External links

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintillation_(physics)”
Categories: Condensed matter physics | Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer (optics)Hidden categories: Articles lacking sources from April 2008 | All articles lacking sources

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William Laughton Lorimer

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William Laughton Lorimer (1885-1967) was born at Strathmartine on the outskirts of Dundee, Scotland. He was educated at the High School of Dundee, Fettes College, and Trinity College, Oxford. He is best known for the translation of the New Testament into Lowland Scots. He spent his professional life as a scholar of Ancient Greek at various universities, ending his career as Professor of Greek at the University of St Andrews. However he also had a lifelong interest in Lowland Scots and besides the translation, was a longterm contributor to the Scottish National Dictionary. For the last ten years of his life he worked on translating the New Testament from the original Greek sources into Scots. Although he did not finish the final revision of his translation, the work was completed by his son and published posthumously on his behalf in 1983.

External references

• A short biography

This Scottish biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

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Fox NFL Sunday

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FOX NFL Sunday
Format	National Football League
Created by	Fox Sports
Starring	Curt Menefee Terry Bradshaw Howie Long Jimmy Johnson Michael Strahan Jay Glazer Frank Caliendo Jillian Reynolds Pam Oliver
Country of origin	United States
Production
Running time	1 hour
Broadcast
Original channel	Fox (1994–)
Picture format	480i (SDTV), 480p Upconversion (HDTV)
Original run	September 4, 1994 – present
External links
Official website

Fox NFL Sunday is the pregame show for the TV show NFL on Fox. The program is broadcast on Fox television affiliates nationwide. The audio portion of the show is broadcast over the Fox Sports Radio network, distributed by Premiere Radio Networks. The show has won four Emmy Awards.

Contents 1 History 1.1 1994-1997 1.2 1998-2002 1.3 2002-2005 1.4 2006 1.5 2007-present 2 Full list of personalities 2.1 Current talent 2.2 Former talent 2.3 Talent chart 3 Cleatus the Fox Sports Robot 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

History

1994-1997

Fox NFL Sunday debuted in 1994 with hosts James Brown, Terry Bradshaw, Howie Long, and Jimmy Johnson. The program was notable in being the first hour-long NFL pregame show on a broadcast network; previous network pregames such as CBS’ The NFL Today had always been 30 minutes in length. Fox’s show also adopted a looser, more irreverent approach than its predecessors.

Throughout Johnson’s time on the show, many times he would host the show from his home in Florida. There was much speculation that Jimmy Johnson would return to coaching during the first year of the show. Prior to the end of the year, Johnson made an ‘announcement’ saying he was happy with his new career in broadcasting. In 1996, he left to coach the Miami Dolphins, with Ronnie Lott brought in to succeed him for two seasons.

During the time with Jimmy Johnson, the opening to the show would feature a comedic skit involving several or all of the hosts.

On-location broadcast sites

• 1997- September 14: unknown
• 1997- September 21: Lambeau Field (MIN at GB)
• 1997- October 5: Lambeau Field (TB at GB)
• 1997- November 23 Lambeau Field (GB at DAL)
• 1998- January 4 Lambeau Field (TB at GB, Divisional playoffs)

1998-2002

In 1998, off the heels of NBC losing the rights to telecast the NFL to CBS, Cris Collinsworth joined Fox NFL Sunday and subsequently replaced Ronnie Lott. Collinsworth left the show in 2002 when he was promoted to Fox’s newly formed “A Team” NFL announcing team alongside Joe Buck and Troy Aikman (replacing Pat Summerall and John Madden). Fox did several commercials featuring Buck, Collinsworth, and Aikman dressed as characters from the popular 1980s TV show of the same name.

During this period, promotional claymation spots and teases became a popular fixture. The four hosts were depicted as animated characters in live-action situations, usually starring real NFL players. Beginning in the 1999 season, comedian Jimmy Kimmel began making weekly game predictions and performing comedy skits on the show; the following year, Jillian Barberie was added to the program to provide weather forecasts for each week’s game sites.

On-location broadcast sites

• 1998 - week 1: Giants Stadium (WAS at NYG)
• 1999 - Week 15: RCA Dome (Was at Ind)
• 1999 - Conference Championship: Trans World Dome (TB at StL)
• 1999 - October 24: (WAS at DAL)
• 2000 - Week 16: Onboard the USS Truman
• 2000 - Conference Championship: Giants Stadium (Min at NYG)
• 2002 - September 22: Green Bay Packers at Detroit Lions (first game at Ford Field)

2002-2005

Jimmy Johnson returned to the program in 2002. Originally for the 2002 season, the fourth seat was to be a rotating guest analyst, with Johnson working in Week 1. John Elway sat in week 2. For week 3, Johnson returned, and took over the position permanently, and remains on the program to this day. Jimmy Kimmel left the program after the 2002 season, primarily to focus on his new show Jimmy Kimmel Live!. He was replaced by MADtv comedian Frank Caliendo, who had previously guest-starred during Kimmel’s skits (performing his famous John Madden impersonation). Caliendo’s prognostication skits began to feature his talented impersonations, including Madden, Jay Leno, Jim Rome, George W. Bush, as well as show hosts Brown, Bradshaw, Long and Johnson. After the 2005 season, James Brown left the program in order to host The NFL Today on CBS.

On-location broadcast sites

• 2003- October 26: Heinz Field (STL at PIT)
• 2004- October 17: Gillette Stadium (SEA at NE)

2006

On August 13, 2006, announced that Joe Buck and Curt Menefee would succeed James Brown in hosting the program. Because Buck was already the lead play-by-play man for The NFL on Fox, Fox NFL Sunday traveled to the site of Fox’s top game each week, in a move similar to Fox’s NASCAR coverage, where the prerace show emanates from the race site. Curt Menefee hosted the halftime and postgame segments on location with the FOX NFL Sunday crew. Chris Rose was the update host for game breaks. When Joe Buck had to go on a postseason Major League Baseball assignment for Fox (thus, was unable to appear on the NFL on Fox program), Menefee took over for Buck as the full-time host from Hollywood. During Weeks 6 through 8, while the show was in Hollywood, Jillian Barberie returned to her position reporting gameday weather.

During Weeks 16 and 17, Joe Buck was the full-time host from Hollywood with the rest of the FOX NFL Sunday crew. Dick Stockton took over as #1 play-by-play man alongside Troy Aikman and Pam Oliver, while Curt Menefee returned to the booth as #2 play-by-play man alongside Daryl Johnston and Tony Siragusa. Though the show returned to Hollywood for two weeks, Jillian Barberie did not rejoin the cast, presumably to go on maternity leave, as she was pregnant with her first child.

During Wild Card weekend, Curt Menefee substituted for Joe Buck as host, as the pregame show broadcasted from Hollywood. Meanwhile, Buck called the game between the New York Giants at the Philadelphia Eagles on Sunday, January 7.

During the Divisional Playoffs, Curt Menefee once again substituted for Joe Buck as host, as the pregame show broadcasted again from Hollywood for both games. Dick Stockton called the game between the Philadelphia Eagles at the New Orleans Saints on Saturday, January 13 and Buck called the game between the Seattle Seahawks at the Chicago Bears on Sunday, January 14.

For the NFC Championship Game on Sunday, January 21 between the New Orleans Saints and Chicago Bears, Joe Buck hosted the pregame show with the Fox NFL Sunday crew on-site from Soldier Field. After Buck joined Troy Aikman for the play-by-play, Curt Menefee took over as host for the remainder of the game and hosted the halftime and postgame shows. Terry Bradshaw handled the trophy ceremony during the postgame show.

2006-2007 On-location broadcast sites Preseason Week 1 - Fox Hollywood Studio 2A (Colts at Rams) Preseason Week 2 - Giants Stadium (Chiefs at Giants) Preseason Week 3 - (Dolphins at Panthers) Week 1 - Alltel Stadium (Cowboys at Jaguars) Week 2 - Lincoln Financial Field (Giants at Eagles) Week 3 - Qwest Field (Giants at Seahawks) Week 4 - Bank of America Stadium (Saints at Panthers) Week 5 - Lincoln Financial Field (Cowboys at Eagles) Week 6 - Fox Hollywood Studio 2A Week 7 - Fox Hollywood Studio 2A Week 8 - Fox Hollywood Studio 2A Week 9 - FedEx Field (Cowboys at Redskins) Week 10 - Heinz Field (Saints at Steelers) Week 11 - Giants Stadium (Bears at Jets) Week 12 - (Thanksgiving) Texas Stadium (Buccaneers at Cowboys) Week 12 - (Sunday) Gillette Stadium (Bears at Patriots) Week 13 - Giants Stadium (Cowboys at Giants) Week 14 - Bank of America Stadium (Giants at Panthers) Week 15 - Giants Stadium (Eagles at Giants) Week 16 - Fox Hollywood Studio 2A Week 17 - Fox Hollywood Studio 2A NFC Wild Card Playoff - (Sunday) Fox Hollywood Studio 2A NFC Divisional Playoff - (Saturday) Fox Hollywood Studio 2A NFC Divisional Playoff - (Sunday) Fox Hollywood Studio 2A NFC Championship Game - Soldier Field (Saints at Bears)

2007-present

In March 2007, it was announced that The Built Ford Tough Fox NFL Sunday would move back to the studio for the 2007 season, with Curt Menefee assuming full-time host duties and Joe Buck reverting to play-by-play only. Jillian Reynolds, coming off of maternity leave, returned full-time to report weather. However, the pre-game show was on-site at Lambeau Field for the 2007 NFC Championship Game between the New York Giants and the Green Bay Packers and at Super Bowl XLII.

Fox NFL Sunday had a new feature, a pre-recorded segment named “Grumpy Old Coaches”, where Jimmy Johnson and fellow former Cowboys head coach Barry Switzer talk about the week in football. A segment of highlights and commentary of the previous day’s college football games is also featured, as a gesture to FOX’s recent acquisition of the BCS. This segment lasted on the show for only the 2007 season.

On June 24, 2008, it was announced that Michael Strahan would join the show .

On November 8, 2009, there was a special 2-hour pregame show that took place from Afghanistan. While the regular Fox NFL Sunday crew did the pregame show, Chris Rose served as the studio host and anchored the in-game highlights, as John Lynch and Trent Green served as studios analysts this week for the halftime and postgame reports. Fox NFL Sunday will be on-site for the 2010 NFC Championship.

Full list of personalities

Current talent

• Curt Menefee (Studio host, 2006–present)
• Terry Bradshaw (Analyst, 1994–present)
• Howie Long (Analyst, 1994-present)
• Jimmy Johnson (Analyst, 1994-1995; 2002–present)
• Jay Glazer (NFL Insider, 2007–present)
• Frank Caliendo (Prognostication, 2003-present)
• Michael Strahan (Analyst, 2008–present)
• Pam Oliver (Reporter 1995-present)

Former talent

• James Brown (Studio host, 1994–2005)
• Joe Buck (Pregame host, postgame host 2006)
• Ronnie Lott (Analyst, 1996–1997)
• John Elway (Rotating analyst, week 2 of 2002)
• Cris Collinsworth (Analyst, 1998–2001)
• Priscilla Hojiwala (Reporter)
• Jimmy Kimmel (Prognostication, 1999–2002, (guest appearances in 2007)
• “Cousin Sal” Iacono (Prognostication guest star with Kimmel in 2002)
• Jim Cantore (Weather, 1999)
• Barry Switzer (Analyst, 2007)
• Jeanne Zelasko (Reporter)
• Jillian Reynolds (née Barberie) (Weather, 2000–2005, guest appearances in 2006, 2007, 2008)

Talent chart

Season	Studio host	Studio analysts
1994	James Brown	Terry Bradshaw	Howie Long	Jimmy Johnson	Vacant
1995
1996				Ronnie Lott
1997
1998				Cris Collinsworth
1999
2000
2001
2002				Jimmy Johnson
2003
2004
2005
2006	Joe Buck (pregame host) Curt Menefee (halftime host)
2007	Curt Menefee
2008					Michael Strahan
2009

Cleatus the Fox Sports Robot

Cleatus the Robot is the official mascot of Fox NFL Sunday, named by a viewer during a contest in the winter of 2007 in which fans were able to submit entries as to what they thought the robot’s name should be.

Cleatus mainly appears during the intro sequence of the show as well as brief commercials for movies and TV shows. In these commercials he commonly gets attacked by a CGI character from whatever the advertisement is about. He has thus far been attacked by Iron Man, a dragon from the movie Eragon, and a T-1000 robot from the TV show Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles. Cleatus is also known to hop on two feet, play the electric guitar, shake out his limbs, and do dance moves such as the swim and the electric slide. When the MLB postseason begins on Fox in October, he will also take baseballs from a basket and hit them with a bat towards the background of the screen. After the World Series is over, he will not do this again until the next year’s postseason begins.

The character has an action figure on sale from Fox’s website. He is available as he appears normally and even in special uniforms customized for all 32 NFL franchises.

See also

• The NFL Today
• The NFL on NBC Pregame Show
• Sunday NFL Countdown
• List of NFC Championship Game broadcasters
• List of Super Bowl broadcasters

References

1. ^ http://www.packers.com/news/releases/1997/12/12-29.html/printable/
2. ^ http://www.packers.com/news/releases/1997/09/09-29a.html/printable/
3. ^ http://www.packers.com/news/releases/1997/12/12-29.html/printable/
4. ^ http://www.packers.com/news/releases/1997/12/12-29.html/printable/
5. ^ http://www.armchairqb.com/nfl_pregame_week1.html
6. ^ http://www.webskins.org/TWT/1099/102403.html
7. ^ http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/article/69537
8. ^ http://www.post-gazette.com/steelers/20031016snoter1016p7.asp
9. ^ http://www.boston.com/sports/football/patriots/articles/2004/10/17/its_a_road_game_for_the_fox_team/
10. ^ “Ford Suits Up for Online Fantasy Football”. Ford.com. 2007-09-10. http://media.ford.com/newsroom/feature_display.cfm?release=25982. Retrieved 2007-10-31. 
11. ^ “Cleatus - Fox Sports Robot”. FoxSports.com. http://foxsports.seenon.com/detail.php?p=45960.. 

• FOXSports.com - NFL on FOX
• BUCK, MENEFEE NEW Fox HOSTS
• Fox NFL Sunday Now Featuring Only Jimmy Johnson’s Breasts
• Buck done with Fox hosting duties
• Barry Switzer Joins Fox
• History of Network NFL Pre-Game shows

External links

• FOX NFL Sunday at the Internet Movie Database
• FOX NFL Sunday at TV.com

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Haukelandshallen

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Haukelandshallen

Haukelandshallen is an indoor sport arena in Årstad borough, Bergen, Norway. It holds 5,000 people. The arena hosts mainly team handball matches, is the home arena for Tertnes IL and hosted the 2008 European Men’s Handball Championship. The basketball team Ulriken Eagles also plays there.

Coordinates: 60°22?11.87?N 5°21?16.35?E? / ?60.3699639°N 5.3545417°E? / 60.3699639; 5.3545417

This article about a Norwegian sports venue is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haukelandshallen”
Categories: Bergen | Handball venues in Norway | Indoor arenas in Norway | Norwegian sports venue stubsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2009 | All articles lacking sources

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Electronic Media Union of Trinidad and Tobago

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EMUTT

Electronic Media Union of Trinidad and Tobago
Country	Trinidad and Tobago
Affiliation	NATUC
Office location	Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago

The Electronic Media Union of Trinidad and Tobago is a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago. It main membership base was in the now defunct National Broadcasting Network (NBN) which was the state broadcasting company.

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Organized Labour portal

• List of trade unions

This article related to a Caribbean trade union is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

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Categories: Trade unions of Trinidad and Tobago | Caribbean trade union stubs | Trinidad and Tobago stubs

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Mood music

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Mood music may refer to:

• Beautiful music
• Easy listening
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Midnight (role-playing game)

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This article may not meet the general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (July 2008)

Midnight is a campaign setting for the role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, released under the Open Gaming License. It is published by Fantasy Flight Games.

Contents 1 History 2 Setting 2.1 Orcs 2.2 Shadow Church 2.3 Black Mirrors 2.4 Night Kings 2.5 Spirits 2.6 The Fell 2.7 The Veil of Izrador 3 Rules 3.1 Heroic Paths 3.2 Magic 3.3 Magic Items 4 External links

History

The Midnight Campaign setting book (MN01) was first released in 2003. It proved popular enough to drive the release of several expansion sourcebooks and adventure modules. The Second Edition Midnight Campaign setting book (MN11) was released in 2005; it expanded upon the material in the first book and incorporated material from the sourcebooks. In April 2009, Fantasy Flight dropped the whole Midnight game line from its catalog and removed it from its website. Its products are no longer distributed in print form. Fantasy Flight also discontinued sale of PDF editions from its online shop, although PDFs are still being released and sold through third-party online vendors.

Setting

The setting of Midnight d20 is that of the fantasy world of Eredane 100 years after the dark god Izrador wins his war of domination. The game world centers on Eredane, a large continent with varied geography and inhabitants. It is generally an evil-dominant world, with the Church of the Shadow and its orc minions controlling the lives of the downtrodden humans. Elves and dwarves are hunted mercilessly, while the gnomes toil for the Shadow and halflings are often enslaved.

In an unknown time, there was a war in the heavens. Izrador was the god of corruption and turned many angels to devils and demons and fought the gods. He lost though, and the gods punished him by banishing him to Eredane for all eternity. But as Izrador fell, he managed to hold a force field, the Veil of Izrador, that banned the other gods from the land.

When Izrador impacted, his first thought was of reaching godhood again, and what better way to do that than make all of the humans and elves and dwarves give him all their magic? Izrador has taken over the land. So now there is no magic in Eredane but His own, but Izrador was no longer a he; Izrador was an “it”: the Shadow.

The world was not always like this, though. In the First Age of Eredane, an elven sorceress named Aradil came to the throne of the elves. She brought peace to them and this peace spread across the land, dawning a new age of peace and trade of magic and science until it seemed that magic would have no bounds. There was no dispute between the cultures, and customs were passed along. But 3950 years later, a new race came from an unknown land. The gnomes and halflings opened their arms to this new people, but these were Dorns who had lost their land across the sea due to the betrayal of King Jahir III. Hoping to claim land for themselves, they slaughtered all they found and wiped out most of those who had wished to help them. War had finally arrived.

The Dorns quickly struck to the elves and dwarves, and as the elves and dwarves were used to fighting undisciplined orcs, they were quickly outmatched by the war-hardened Dorns. But the elves and dwarves developed their tactics, and the sides were finally even and war tore Eredane apart for 300 years. But after this time, the dead began to rise again. The souls of the dead had no place to go, so they lingered and animated the corpses of the dead and made them hungry for flesh. (They were then called the Fell.) Many times, after a battle, the dead would rise and both sides would drop their weapons and flee these abominations. After a few years of these fighting these creatures, their resources spent, the races of Eredane adopted a new method of burying their dead and the rising of corpses was slowed to a trickle, and the land looked to a new age of peace and science and magic as the war had ended.

For 700 years, the land looked to new peace. Trade routes-reopened and the Dorns were finally trusted after 300 years of war. But the Shadow was not so quiet. It rose in army of terrible orcs, goblins, and countless other things. The Shadow knew that the elves were its greatest foe, so it attempted to destroy them quickly, but to no avail. For 5 days the races of Eredane fought, and the rivers ran red with blood and the forest groves turned to swamps with the blood of the orcs. And so the Shadow was finally driven back to the North.

And so was the dawn of the Second Age of Eredane, which began with 230 years of peace, growing economies and widening frontiers. A wall was built to face the North so as the Shadow might not come again. But it was a new one that came: The dominating Sarcosans with their steel and horses, which had not ever been seen until then. The Sarcosans had driven the Dorns out of the far-distant land Pelluria and wished to take this new land for their own. The Sarcosans liked the elven forest of Aryth and tried to conquer it. They came with catapults and attempted to destroy groves and draw out the elves to fight, but the elves placed wards around the trees and protected them. It took the Sarcosans 100 years to realize that the elves would not be drawn from the trees and they finally sued for peace. And they were not trusted for years even after that. And then again came a period of 800 years of peace, the longest lapse of peace since the Dornish invasions more than 3000 years ago. The Shadow then came again to Eredane.

The Second Invasion of the Shadow was made of a series of raids on the wall that was constructed to keep it out and it was breached in a number of places. The Shadow’s army poured out as the last time, but it went in as many as eight places at once, so it further spread apart the races energies. Worse still, the dragons of Eredane aided the Shadow. For endless weeks, the battles raged with the Fell rising every night. All seemed lost for the people of Eredane, when a new army of dragons came from the South and fought the forces of the Shadow. When it was over, it was a complete loss for both sides. The orcs were scattered and the people of Eredane had lost all their faith and they quietly returned to their homes again, thus ending the Second Age and beginning the Third Age.

1000 years passed, and it was still no better. The races had been forever divided. The Dorns fought over the new kings, for all the rest had been slain. The dwarves were forced into the mountains by some still-resilient orcs and were confined. The elves knew the Shadow would come again, but the memory of the great battles were lost on the shorter-lived races. In the end, all the races but the elves and dwarves were reduced to tribes.

When the Shadow came again, he did not send a huge army, but he corrupted the minds of men. He promised men wealth and power in exchange for black promises of vengeance and death.

When the Shadow came again, he had already won the Last War. There was a battle that lasted a day that only acted as a speed bump for the Shadow. Now, there is no freedom, and any relations to dwarves or elves is punishable by death. In the land of Eredane, there are no trials or appeals. Punishment includes the whip, enslavement, or death and is carried out brutally and with no mercy.

Orcs

The Odrendor, commonly called Orcs, are a fey race that serve Izrador loyally as fighters. They are large, muscled humanoid creatures with black eyes, thick dark skin, and large jaws sporting tusked canines. They have been known to sire halfbreed children with dwarven women, which are called “Dworgs”. These unfortunate outcasts suffer a life of scorn and violence.

Shadow Church

The Church of the Shadow worships the god Izrador. Thrown down from the celestial kingdom, he has cast his veil of evil and corruption across Aryth, sundering the world from all other gods. The various Orders of Legates hunt those who resist his power, aided by intelligent beasts who can sense magic and disloyalty to Izrador. A legate enjoys a greater quality of life than the average human, but must serve under strict rules for life: those who go “Pale” and flee their vows are hunted and captured by seeker legates. The Church prohibits literacy, magic, and weapons. To be found in possession of any of these may result in death or slavery.

Black Mirrors

Black Mirrors are slabs of obsidian that bleach magic from the land. They require sacrifice, more blood for the higher-ranking Mirrors. The Mirrors are rated as Pale Mirrors (which require 5 sacrifices a month), Blood Mirrors (5 a week), and Grand (5 a day). In the Shadow’s language, they are called zordrafin corith, or Black Mirror of the Shadow. They have a stone basin next to them that are at least 10 feet in diameter and 3 feet deep and filled with a vile recipe of blood and unholy water.

Night Kings

The Night Kings are four beings that were once two humans, one elf, and one dragon. Ardherin is the elf, and he once was a powerful spellcaster. He took a demon hostage on one of his travels, but it took over his mind, and he works for the Shadow now. One of the humans was a priest that always wanted a god’s blessing. His name was Suudael. The Shadow took his mind. The dragon and the other human were captured and brainwashed.

Spirits

As the world became covered with the magic “Veil of Izrador”, the planes of the afterlife were blocked from Aryth. Now the spirits of the dead can no longer depart in peace. At times, they become attached to the recent dead, and walk the land as “Fell”.

The Fell

The Fell are horrid creatures that are merely corpses that have returned from the grave. Having no place for their souls to go, due to the Veil of Izrador, their souls stayed inside of their body, hungry for flesh.

The Veil of Izrador

Izrador placed a veil over the mortal plane to prevent the other gods from speaking to their subjects and vice-versa.

Rules

Based on the Dungeons & Dragons rules, and using the Player’s Handbook as a basis, Midnight alters the standard rules in some fundamental ways. Magic is more difficult to cast and harder to learn, the magic system has been replaced for a feat and spell point based system. As a result, many of the standard classes have been removed, with alternates in their place.

Heroic Paths

One major factor that separates the Midnight d20 game system from other fantasy games is the choice of a heroic path as a major determining factor in the creation of a character. As magic is proscribed, these paths which must be chosen at 1st level give spell-like abilities to players. As the characters advance in levels, they might get new spell-like abilities, skills, or feats.

Magic

Three types of magic are found in the Midnight d20 world: “divine”, which generally is connected with Izrador; innate magic sourced from within, generally found in elves and other fey creatures; and channelled. The latter is using the energy of Aryth to powerful effect. This is a feat-based system, and thus all character classes can cast some spells at appropriate levels. Only the Channeler character class truly specializes in it, however. Due to the magic changes in the game, Midnight does not have the monk, ranger, or paladin character classes.

Magic Items

Midnight is different from other D&D settings in that magic items (+1 weapons, for example) are markedly less common, with all magic in the world tracked and watched. Magic items function as they do in other settings but the meaning and rarity are different. There are two magic item types - Covenant Items & Charms. Covenant Items equate to standard D&D magic items, however they differ in that they ‘grow’ with the user. Only those with the touch of Heroic Path (’heroic’ or otherwise) can activate their power, and this power grows as the user increases in level. Items can come in all the standard D&D forms (e.g weapons, armor, cloaks). Items may be detected by Legates and the Shadow in the North when they are activated. There are Covenant items that span from the first age through to current game time, with older items of greater power. PCs will tend to get only 2-3 maximum covenant items at any one time, with these ‘destined’ for the PC’s use. Charms are magic items of lesser power. All but True Charms are single use, with True Charms lasting longer but usually fading over time. Charms usually have small bonuses and are NOT detectable by the enemy; they are only empowered items and trinkets. Characters may have several charms at any given time.

External links

• Against The Shadow, a fan site
• Darkness Falls, another fan site containing open source information
• Midnight Chronicles, a Midnight film/TV project
• Midnight in Spanish a fan site for Spanish speakers
• Wrbelis, Jeff (2005-04-18). “Review of Midnight”. RPGnet. http://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/9/9252.phtml. Retrieved 2008-07-10. 

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_(role-playing_game)”
Categories: D20 System | Dungeons & Dragons campaign settings | Fantasy Flight Games gamesHidden categories: Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from May 2009 | All articles needing copy edit | Articles with topics of unclear notability from July 2008 | All articles with topics of unclear notability

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Gilmanton, Wisconsin

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Gilmanton, Wisconsin
—  Town  —
Location of Gilmanton, Wisconsin
Coordinates: 44°28?17?N 91°41?40?W? / ?44.47139°N 91.69444°W? / 44.47139; -91.69444
Country	United States
State	Wisconsin
County	Buffalo
Area
- Total	36.3 sq mi (94.0 km2)
- Land	36.3 sq mi (94.0 km2)
- Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation	801 ft (244 m)
Population (2000)
- Total	470
- Density	13.0/sq mi (5.0/km2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
FIPS code	55-29225
GNIS feature ID	1583277

Gilmanton is a town in Buffalo County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 470 at the 2000 census.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 36.3 square miles (94.0 km²), of which, 36.3 square miles (94.0 km²) of it is land and 0.03% is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 470 people, 173 households, and 126 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.0 people per square mile (5.0/km²). There were 180 housing units at an average density of 5.0/sq mi (1.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 99.57% White, and 0.43% from two or more races.

There were 173 households out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.2% were married couples living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town the population was spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 101.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,156, and the median income for a family was $35,469. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $20,268 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,769. About 4.6% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} “US Board on Geographic Names”. United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
2. ^ ^{a b} “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 

v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Buffalo County, Wisconsin County seat: Alma Cities Alma | Buffalo City | Fountain City | Mondovi Villages Cochrane | Nelson Towns Alma | Belvidere | Buffalo | Canton | Cross | Dover | Gilmanton | Glencoe | Lincoln | Maxville | Milton | Modena | Mondovi | Montana | Naples | Nelson | Waumandee Unincorporated community East Winona

Coordinates: 44°28?15?N 91°40?34?W? / ?44.47083°N 91.67611°W? / 44.47083; -91.67611

Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilmanton,_Wisconsin”
Categories: Towns in Wisconsin | Buffalo County, WisconsinHidden categories: Infobox Settlement US maintenance

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